Number Formatted reference Reference Species Pathology Tissue structure Post-mortem time Regions / tissue types of interest ROI definition MRI modality MRI metrics T Resolution (in mm) Tissue state Temperature Tissue preparation histology Slice thickness Myelin histology Iron Axons Histology metric Correlation Coregistration N Subjects per group N Total subjects N ROIs Variance/Statistical Design Correlation Method Result Linear equation included in MA qualifies for MA
1 Abe, Y., Komaki, Y., Seki, F., Shibata, S., Okano, H., & Tanaka, K. F. (2019). Correlative study using structural MRI and super-resolution microscopy to detect structural alterations induced by long-term optogenetic stimulation of striatal medium spiny neurons. Neurochemistry International, 125(2018), 163–174. Abe2019 Mouse MSN-ChR2 mice Whole brain NA dGM, CT manual DWI AD, FA, RD 7 0.125 x 0.125 x 0.125 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 25 µm PLP - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 8 8 96 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Pearson FA: r = .32 (p = .012), RD: r= -.41 (p = .001), AD: r = -.11 (p = .39) NA - - (statistical design)
2 Aojula, A., Botfield, H., Patterson, J., Ii, M., Gonzalez, A. M., Abdullah, O., … Sinclair, A. (2016). Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, 13(9). Aojula2016 Rat Kaolin-induced hydocephalus and Controls Whole brain NA CC and PVWM manual for histology, coordinate-based for MRI DWI AD, FA, MD, RD 7 0.195 x 0.195 x 1mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 15 µm MBP - - staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 kaolin-only, 6 kaolin + PBS (control intervention), 5 kaolin + decorin, 4 controls, 19 2 Between-subject Spearman AD: r = .159, p = .541 (CC); r = -.360, p = 0.155 (PVWM); FA: r = .091, p = .729 (CC); r = .346, p = .174 (PVWM); MD: r = -.031, p = .903 (CC); r = -.495, p = .043 (PVWM); RD: r = -.115, p = .66 (CC); r = -.458, p = .064 (PVWM) NA + BS Pearson
3 Argyridis, I., Li, W., Johnson, G. A., & Liu, C. (2014). Quantitative magnetic susceptibility of the developing mouse brain reveals microstructural changes in the white matter. NeuroImage, 88, 134–142. Argyridis2014 Mouse Different neonatal stages Whole brain NA EC manual QSM Susceptibility 9.4 0.06 mm isotropic perfusion fixed not reported not reported 2 µm LFB + - contrasted and normalised luminance ROI to ROI Not reported 18 18 3 (pooled into 1 weighted measure) Between-subject Not reported (likely linear regression) susceptibility: R2 = .93, p = .004 Susceptibility = -0.14 * myelin + 0.14 + BS Pearson
3 Argyridis, I., Li, W., Johnson, G. A., & Liu, C. (2014). Quantitative magnetic susceptibility of the developing mouse brain reveals microstructural changes in the white matter. NeuroImage, 88, 134–142. Argyridis2014 Mouse Different neonatal stages Whole brain NA EC manual DWI MD 9.4 unclear perfusion fixed not reported not reported 2 µm LFB + - contrasted and normalised luminance ROI to ROI Not reported 18 18 3 (pooled into 1 weighted measure) Between-subject Not reported (likely linear regression) MD: R2 = .003, p = .46 MD = -0.09 * myelin + 0.69 + BS Pearson
4 Bagnato, F., Hametner, S., Boyd, E., Endmayr, V., Shi, Y., Ikonomidou, V., … Welch, E. B. (2018). Untangling the R2* contrast in multiple sclerosis: A combined MRI-histology study at 7.0 Tesla. PLoS ONE, 13(3), e0193839. Bagnato2018 Human MS 1 cm coronal slices 4-83 hours NAWM, DWMI, WM-Ls, thalamus, dGM, normal cortex manual Relaxometry R2* 7 0.7 mm isotropic fixed room temperature not reported 10 µm LFB and PLP + - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 7 429 (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson; linear regression R2* and LFB: r = -.09, p < .01 (NAWM); r = -.05, p < .01 (DWMI); r = .99, p<.01 (WM-Ls); r = .83, p < .01 (thalamus); r = .82, p < .01 (dGM); shadow plaques: not significant; R2=0.014 (all ROIs combined); R2* and PLP: only CT reported, r = 0.57 p < .01 R2* = 0.02 * myelin - WS Pearson
5 Beckmann, N., Giorgetti, E., Neuhaus, A., Zurbruegg, S., Accart, N., Smith, P., … Shimshek, D. R. (2018). Brain region-specific enhancement of remyelination and prevention of demyelination by the CSF1R kinase inhibitor BLZ945. Acta Neuropathologica Communications, 6(1), 9. Beckmann2018 Mouse Cuprizone Whole brain NA CC, EC (within same ROI) not reported MT MTR 7 0.094 × 0.094 x 0.5 mm in vivo body temperature paraffin embedding 3 µm LFB - - staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 5 20 1 Between-subject Pearson MTR: R2 = .7669 (p < .0001) NA + BS Pearson
6 Bot, J. C. J., Blezer, E. L. A., Kamphorst, W., Lycklama, G. J., Ader, H. J., Castelijns, J. A., & Ig, K. N. (2004). The spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship of high-spatial-resolution quantitative MR imaging findings to histopathologic results. Neuroradiology, 233, 531–540. Bot2004 Human MS and Controls Cervical spinal cord 8.2±1.7 hours WM-Ls, NAWM, WM manual Relaxometry T1, T2 4.7 0.007 x 0.007 x 1 mm fixed not reported not reported 5 µm LFB - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 11 MS, 2 controls 13 222 (in total across subjects) Mixed (unclear) Spearman; linear regression T1: r = .71 (p < .001); T2: r = .77 (p < .001) See paper - - (statistical design)
6 Bot, J. C. J., Blezer, E. L. A., Kamphorst, W., Lycklama, G. J., Ader, H. J., Castelijns, J. A., & Ig, K. N. (2004). The spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship of high-spatial-resolution quantitative MR imaging findings to histopathologic results. Neuroradiology, 233, 531–540. Bot2004 Human MS and Controls Cervical spinal cord 8.2±1.7 hours WM-Ls, NAWM, WM manual MT MTR 4.7 0.007 x 0.007 x 1 mm fixed not reported not reported 5 µm LFB - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 11 MS, 2 controls 13 222 (in total across subjects) Mixed (unclear) Spearman; linear regression MTR: r = -.76, p < .001 See paper - - (statistical design)
7 Chandran, P., Upadhyay, J., Markosyan, S., Lisowski, A., Buck, W., Chin, C. L., … Day, M. (2012). Magnetic resonance imaging and histological evidence for the blockade of cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57BL/6 mice. Neuroscience, 202, 446–453. Chandran2012 Mouse Cuprizone Whole brain NA WM atlas-based DWI FA, RD 7 0.2 x 0.2 x 1 mm in vivo body temperature paraffin embedding 5 µm LFB, MBP - - staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 5 to 6 per group 20 1 Between-subject Linear regression FA: R2 = .27, p = .016 (LFB), R2 = .50, p = .0003 (MBP); RD: R2 = .34, p = .005 (MBP), R2=0.05; p = .31 (LFB) not reported + BS Pearson
8 Chang, E. H., Argyelan, M., Aggarwal, M., Chandon, T. S. S., Karlsgodt, K. H., Mori, S., & Malhotra, A. K. (2017). The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains. NeuroImage, 147, 119–124. Chang2017 Mouse Controls Whole brain NA Various WM tracts manual DWI FA, AD, RD 11.7 0.1 mm isotropic perfusion fixed 28°C CLARITY 3D MBP - - staining intensity ROI to ROI Linear registration (12 dof affine) 4 4 14 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman; linear regression AD: p = .61; FA: p < .01; RD: p = .83 Not reported - - (statistical design)
9 Chang, E. H., Argyelan, M., Aggarwal, M., Chandon, T. S. S., Karlsgodt, K. H., Mori, S., & Malhotra, A. K. (2017). The role of myelination in measures of white matter integrity: Combination of diffusion tensor imaging and two-photon microscopy of CLARITY intact brains. NeuroImage, 147, 119–124. Chang2017a Mouse Thy1-eYFP-H mice and Controls Whole brain NA Various WM tracts manual DWI FA, AD, RD, MD 11.7 0.1 mm isotropic perfusion fixed 28°C CLARITY 3D MBP - - normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Unclear 4 4 14 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman AD: r = .0385; FA: r = .446, p <.05; MD: r = -.114; RD: r = -.195 NA - - (statistical design)
10 Chen, H. S. M., Holmes, N., Liu, J., Tetzlaff, W., & Kozlowski, P. (2017). Validating myelin water imaging with transmission electron microscopy in a rat spinal cord injury model. NeuroImage, 153, 122–130. Chen2017 Rat SCI 3 mm spinal cord sections NA Fasciculus gracilis manual Relaxometry MWF 7 0.07 x 0.07 x 05 mm perfusion fixed not reported ultrasectioning 1 µm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI NA 3 to 6 per group 14 1 Between-subject not reported MWF: r = .823, p < .001 NA - - (statistical measure)
11 Choi, J., Dickson, P., Calabrese, E., Chen, S., White, L., Ellingwood, M., & Provenzale, J. M. (2015). Predicting degree of myelination based on diffusion tensor imagining of canines with mucopolysaccharidosis type I. The Neuroradiology Journal, 28(6), 562–573. Choi2015 Dog MPS type 1 and Control Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual DWI FA, RD 7 0.1 mm isotropic fixed not reported cryosectioning 50 µm Gold chloride - + staining intensity ROI to ROI Linear registration (affine, in Matlab) 2 MPS brains, 1 control 3 16 Within-subject Correlation coefficient type not reported; Multivariate linear regression FA: p = 1.9 × 10E-5 (control), p = .989 and p = .776 (MPS); RD: p < .0001 (control), p = .917 and p = .459 (MPS) Not reported - - (statistical measure)
12 Duhamel, G., Prevost, V. H., Cayre, M., Hertanu, A., Mchinda, S., Carvalho, V. N., … Girard, O. M. (2019). Validating the sensitivity of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) MRI to myelin with fluorescence microscopy. NeuroImage, 199, 289–303. Duhamel2019 Mouse plp-GFP mice and Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual MT ih-MTR 11.75 0.3125 x 0.3125 x 1 mm in vivo 37°C perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 20 µm PLP-GFP fluorescence - - normalised (background) staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 3 3 8 (7 ROIs + 1 “ROI” of relative GM/WM contrast) Mixed (not modelled) Pearson; linear regression ih-MTR: between r = .93 and r = .98, p < .0001, depending on the specific sequence See paper - - (statistical design)
13 Fatemi, A., Wilson, M. A., Phillips, A. W., McMahon, M. T., Zhang, J., Smith, S. A., … Johnston, M. V. (2011). In vivo magnetization transfer MRI shows dysmyelination in an ischemic mouse model of periventricular leukomalacia. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 31(10), 2009–2018. Fatemi2011 Mouse Ischemic injury and control Whole brain NA CC, IC, CP manual MT MTR 9.4 0.083 x 0.81 x 0.8 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, paraffin embedding / cryosectioning 20 µm / 40 µm LFB, MBP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 29 ischemic injury, 33 controls 61 25 (in total across subjects) Unclear (likely mixed, not modelled) Linear regression MTR: R2 = .695, p < .0001; correlations with LFB not reported not reported - - (statistical design)
14 Fjær, S., Bø, L., Lundervold, A., Myhr, K., Pavlin, T., Torkildsen, Ø., & Wergeland, S. (2013). Deep gray matter demyelination detected by magnetization transfer ratio in the cuprizone model. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e84162. Fjaer2013 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA CC, dGM, olfactory bulb, cerebellum and CT manual MT MTR 7 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.23 mm in vivo body temperature fixation, paraffin embedding 7 µm PLP - - staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 6 controls, 48 cuprizone at varying stages 54 4 Between-subject Linear regression MTR: R2 = .338, p < .0001 (medial CC); R2 = .426, p < .0001 (lateral CC); R2 = .208, p < .001 (dGM); R2 = .052, p = .1048 (CT) intercept = -3.002, slope 0.004 (medial CC); intercept -2.910, slope = 0.002 (lateral CC); intercept= -1.414, slope = 0.018 (dGM); intercept = -1.273, slope = 0.347 (CT) + BS Pearson
15 Fjær, S., Bø, L., Myhr, K. M., Torkildsen, O., & Wergeland, S. (2015). Magnetization transfer ratio does not correlate to myelin content in the brain in the MOG-EAE mouse model. Neurochemistry International, 83–84, 28–40. Fjaer2015 Mouse EAE Whole brain NA CC, dGM, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, CT semi-automated MT MTR 7 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.23 mm in vivo body temperature fixation, paraffin embedding 7 µm LFB, PLP + - manual scoring, staining fraction ROI to ROI Not reported 6 24 5 Between-subject Linear regression MTR and LFB: not reported. MTR and PLP: R2 = 0.01, p = .63 (CC), R2 = .08, p = .2 (dGM), R2 < .01, p = .97 (CT); not reported + BS Pearson
16 Gareau, P. J., Rutt, B. K., Karlik, S. J., & Mitchell, J. R. (2000). Magnetization transfer and multicomponent T2 relaxation measurements with histopathologic correlation in an experimental model of MS. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 11(6), 586–595. Gareau2000 Guinea pig EAE and Controls Brain slice NA NAWM in CC manual MT MTR 4 0.160 x 0.3 x 0.5 mm in vivo body temperature not reported 5 µm Solochrome-R-cyanine - - score of estimated ‘myelin pallor’ unclear (likely ROI to ROI) No coregistration 6x4 EAE at different time points, 6 controls 24 1 Between-subject Spearman MTR: R2 = .45, p < .001 NA + BS Spearman
17 Grussu, F., Schneider, T., Tur, C., Yates, R. L., Tachrount, M., Deluca, G. C., & Wheeler-kingshott, C. A. M. G. (2017). Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology? Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 4(9), 663–679. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.445 Grussu2017 Human MS and Controls Upper thoraric and upper lumbar spinal cord not reported GM, WM, lesional vs nonlesional manual DWI AD, FA, MD, RD 9.4 0.2 x 0.2 x 2 mm fixed 35°C paraffin embedding 10 µm PLP - + staining fraction ROI to ROI Landmark-based nonlinear registration 2 MS, 2 controls 4 48 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Pearson; linear regression AD: r = .75, p < .001; FA: r = .42, p = .025; MD: r = .67; p < .001; RD: r = .61; p < .001 See paper - - (statistical design)
18 Hakkarainen, H., Sierra, A., Mangia, S., Garwood, M., Michaeli, S., Gröhn, O., & Liimatainen, T. (2016). MRI relaxation in the presence of fictitious fields correlates with myelin content in normal rat brain. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 75(1), 161–168. Hakkarainen2016 Rats Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain not reported Relaxometry RAFFn, T1, T2 9.4 0.156 x 0.156 x .35 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 30 µm Gold chloride + - normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 5 to 6 per group 5 60 (in total across subjects) Not reported (likely mixed, not modelled) Pearson T1: r =.77; T2: r = .18; TRAFF 1: r = .33; T RAFF2: r =.47; T RAFF3: r = .56; T RAFF4: r = .83; T RAFF5: r = .84 (all p < .001) NA - - (statistical design)
18 Hakkarainen, H., Sierra, A., Mangia, S., Garwood, M., Michaeli, S., Gröhn, O., & Liimatainen, T. (2016). MRI relaxation in the presence of fictitious fields correlates with myelin content in normal rat brain. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 75(1), 161–168. Hakkarainen2016 Rats Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain not reported MT MTR 9.4 0.0293 x 0.0293 x 0.7 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 30 µm Gold chloride + - normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 5 to 6 per group 5 60 (in total across subjects) Not reported (likely mixed, not modelled) Pearson MTR: r = .34 (p < .001) NA - - (statistical design)
19 Hametner, S., Endmayr, V., Deistung, A., Palmrich, P., Prihoda, M., Haimburger, E., … Grabner, G. (2018). The influence of brain iron and myelin on magnetic susceptibility and effective transverse relaxation - A biochemical and histological validation study. NeuroImage, 179(June), 117–133. Hametner2018 Human Controls Whole brain range: 72-192 hours WM, CT, Th, BG manual Relaxometry T1, R2* 7 0.43 x 0.43 x 0.65 mm in situ room temperature (20 deg) fixation, cutting, paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB + - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 6 6 2870 (in total across subjects) for R2*, 2809 (in total across subjects) for T1 Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Linear regression R2*: r = .027; T1 (log): r = -.583; for results separate for tissue class see paper R2* = 44.7355 – 0.002942 * myelin; T1 (log) = 7.2738 – 0.001928 * myelin - WS Pearson
19 Hametner, S., Endmayr, V., Deistung, A., Palmrich, P., Prihoda, M., Haimburger, E., … Grabner, G. (2018). The influence of brain iron and myelin on magnetic susceptibility and effective transverse relaxation - A biochemical and histological validation study. NeuroImage, 179(June), 117–133. Hametner2018 Human Controls Whole brain range: 72-192 hours WM, CT, Th, BG manual QSM Susceptibility 7 0.43 x 0.43 x 0.65 mm in situ room temperature (20 deg) fixation, cutting, paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB + - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 6 6 2809 (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Linear regression Susceptibility: r = -.352; for results separate for tissue class see paper Susceptibility = 0.008758 – 0.000196 * myelin - WS Pearson
20 Janve, V. A., Zu, Z., Yao, S. Y., Li, K., Zhang, F. L., Wilson, K. J., … Gochberg, D. F. (2013). The radial diffusivity and magnetization transfer pool size ratio are sensitive markers for demyelination in a rat model of type III multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. NeuroImage, 74, 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.034 Janve2013 Rat LPS and control Whole brain NA CC not reported DWI AD, FA, RD 9.4 0.167 x 0.167 x 0.167 mm perfusion fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 8 LPS, 1 control 9 6 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson AD: r = .03 (lesion), r = -.08 (combined); FA: r = .16 (lesion), r = .27 (combined); RD: r = -.40 (lesion), r= -.49 (combined) NA - - (statistical design)
20 Janve, V. A., Zu, Z., Yao, S. Y., Li, K., Zhang, F. L., Wilson, K. J., … Gochberg, D. F. (2013). The radial diffusivity and magnetization transfer pool size ratio are sensitive markers for demyelination in a rat model of type III multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. NeuroImage, 74, 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.034 Janve2013 Rat LPS and control Whole brain NA CC not reported MT MP (‘PSR’) 9.4 0.167 x 0.167 x 0.167 mm perfusion fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 8 LPS, 1 control 9 6 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson MP: r = .87 (lesion), r = .85 (all) NA - - (statistical design)
21 Jelescu, I. O., Zurek, M., Winters, K. V., Veraart, J., Rajaratnam, A., Kim, N. S., … Fieremans, E. (2016). In vivo quantification of demyelination and recovery using compartment-specific diffusion MRI metrics validated by electron microscopy. NeuroImage, 132, 104–114. Jelescu2016 Mouse Cuprizone and controls Whole brain NA CC splenium semi-automated DWI RD, RK 7 0.112 x 0.112 x 0.8 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, nanosectioning 2.36 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI NA 2 x 12 Cuprizone, 10 controls 34 1 Between-subject Partial Spearman (weight as covariate) RD: r = -.71, p = .0004; RK: r = .14, p = .5638 NA + BS Spearman
21 Jelescu, I. O., Zurek, M., Winters, K. V., Veraart, J., Rajaratnam, A., Kim, N. S., … Fieremans, E. (2016). In vivo quantification of demyelination and recovery using compartment-specific diffusion MRI metrics validated by electron microscopy. NeuroImage, 132, 104–114. Jelescu2016 Mouse Cuprizone and controls Whole brain NA CC splenium semi-automated Relaxometry T2 7 0.112 x 0.112 x 0.8 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, nanosectioning 2.36 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI NA 2 x 12 Cuprizone, 10 controls 34 1 Between-subject Partial Spearman (weight as covariate) T2: r = -.64, p = .0024 NA + BS Spearman
21 Jelescu, I. O., Zurek, M., Winters, K. V., Veraart, J., Rajaratnam, A., Kim, N. S., … Fieremans, E. (2016). In vivo quantification of demyelination and recovery using compartment-specific diffusion MRI metrics validated by electron microscopy. NeuroImage, 132, 104–114. Jelescu2016 Mouse Cuprizone and controls Whole brain NA CC splenium semi-automated MT MTR 7 0.112 x 0.112 x 0.8 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, nanosectioning 2.36 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI NA 2 x 12 Cuprizone, 10 controls 34 1 Between-subject Partial Spearman (weight as covariate) MTR: r =.32, p = .1821 NA + BS Spearman
22 Jespersen, S. N., Bjarkam, C. R., Nyengaard, J. R., Chakravarty, M. M., Hansen, B., Vosegaard, T., … Vestergaard-Poulsen, P. (2010). Neurite density from magnetic resonance diffusion measurements at ultrahigh field: Comparison with light microscopy and electron microscopy. NeuroImage, 49(1), 205–216. Jespersen2010 Rat Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual DWI FA 16.4 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.5 mm perfusion fixed 21°C cryosectioning 40 µm AMG - + staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 3 3 8 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson FA: r = .78, p = 7 × 10E-8 NA - - (statistical design)
23 Jito, J., Nakasu, S., Ito, R., Fukami, T., Morikawa, S., & Inubushi, T. (2008). Maturational changes in diffusion anisotropy in the rat corpus callosum: Comparison with quantitative histological evaluation. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 28(4), 847–854. Jito2008 Rats 6 postnatal stages Whole brain NA CC manual DWI FA 7 0.117 x 0.24 x 1 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, semithin sectioning 750 nm Toluidine blue - + staining fraction ROI to ROI NA 6 36 1 Between-subject Linear regression FA: r = .856, p < .0001 not reported + BS Pearson
24 Kelm, N. D., West, K. L., Carson, R. P., Gochberg, D. F., Ess, K. C., & Does, M. D. (2016). Evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in ex vivo hypomyelinated mouse brains. NeuroImage, 124, 612–626. Kelm2016 Mouse TSC / Rictor Whole brain NA CC midbody, CC genu, CC splenium (SCC), AC, EC, IC manual DWI FA, MD, RD, MK, AK, RK 15.2 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15 mm perfusion fixed 17 ± 0.5 °C ultrasectioning 70 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 TSC, 3 Rictor, 5 Controls 12 6 Mixed (not modelled) not reported FA: not significant; MD: R2 = .35; RD: R2 =.37; MK: R2 = .48; AK: not significant; RK: r = .49 NA - - (statistical design)
24 Kelm, N. D., West, K. L., Carson, R. P., Gochberg, D. F., Ess, K. C., & Does, M. D. (2016). Evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in ex vivo hypomyelinated mouse brains. NeuroImage, 124, 612–626. Kelm2016 Mouse TSC / Rictor Whole brain NA CC midbody, CC genu, CC splenium (SCC), AC, EC, IC manual Relaxometry MWF 15.2 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15 mm perfusion fixed 17 ± 0.5 °C ultrasectioning 70 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 TSC, 3 Rictor, 5 Controls 12 6 Mixed (not modelled) not reported not reported NA - - (statistical design)
24 Kelm, N. D., West, K. L., Carson, R. P., Gochberg, D. F., Ess, K. C., & Does, M. D. (2016). Evaluation of diffusion kurtosis imaging in ex vivo hypomyelinated mouse brains. NeuroImage, 124, 612–626. Kelm2016 Mouse TSC / Rictor Whole brain NA CC midbody, CC genu, CC splenium (SCC), AC, EC, IC manual MT MP (‘PSR’) 15.2 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.15 mm perfusion fixed 17 ± 0.5 °C ultrasectioning 70 nm EM - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 TSC, 3 Rictor, 5 Controls 12 6 Mixed (not modelled) not reported not reported NA - - (statistical design)
25 Khodanovich, M. Y., Sorokina, I. V., Glazacheva, V. Y., Akulov, A. E., Nemirovich-Danchenko, N. M., Romashchenko, A. V., … Yarnykh, V. L. (2017). Histological validation of fast macromolecular proton fraction mapping as a quantitative myelin imaging method in the cuprizone demyelination model. Scientific Reports, 7(March), 46686. Khodanovich2017 Mouse Cuprizone (D+R) and Controls Whole brain NA GM and WM manual MT MP (‘MPF’) 11.7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.5 mm fixed body temperature cryosectioning 10 µm LFB - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 cuprizone, 7 controls 14 6 Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson; linear regression MP: R2 = .897, p < .001 (all); r = .870, p = .007 (control); r = .927, p = 0.002 (Cuprizone) MP = 0.124 * myelin + 6.278 + WS Pearson
26 Khodanovich, M., Pishchelko, A., Glazacheva, V., Pan, E., Akulov, A., Svetlik, M., … Anan, T. (2019). Quantitative imaging of white and gray matter remyelination in the cuprizone demyelination model using the macromolecular proton Fraction. Cells, 8(1204). Khodanovich2019 Mouse Cuprizone (D+R) and Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual MT MP (‘MPF’) 11.7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.5 mm fixed body temperature cryosectioning 10 µm MBP - - staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 demyelination, 5 remyelination, 4 controls 13 1 Between-subject Pearson; linear regression MP: r = .90, p < .001 (CC); r = .83, p < .001 (Caudate/putamen); r = .80, p < .001 (Hippocampus); r = .88, p < .001 (CT) MP = 0.4-0.6 * myelin + 6.2-7.84 (slope and intercept vary depending on anatomical area) - BS Pearson
27 Kozlowski, P., Raj, D., Liu, J. I. E., Lam, C., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2008). Characterizing white matter damage in rat spinal cord with quantitative histology and histology. Journal of Neurotrauma, 25, 653–676. Kozlowski2008 Rat SCI and Controls Spinal cord NA Fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, and CST manual DWI FA, AD, MD, RD 7 1 x 1 x 1 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 20 µm LFB, MBP - + staining intensity (MBP), inverse staining intensity (LFB) ROI to ROI No coregistration 6 at 3 weeks post injury, 4 at 8 weeks post injury, 6 controls (controls not used in correlation) 6 and 4 depending on the analysis 3 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson AD: r = -.27, p = .07) for LFB at 3 weeks, r = .24 (p = .16) for LFB at 8 weeks, r = -.35 (p = .02) for MBP at 3 weeks, r = .03 (p =.88) for MBP at 8 weeks; FA: r= .33 (p = .02) for LFB at 3 weeks, r = .72 (p < .001) for LFB at 8 weeks, r = -.66 (p < .0001) for MBP at 3 weeks, r = .22 (p =.19) for MBP at 8 weeks; MD: r = -.60 (p < .001) for LFB at 3 weeks, r= -.57 (p < .001) for LFB at 8 weeks, r = .26 (p = .08) for MBP at 3 weeks, r = -.19 (p = .26) for MBP at 8 weeks; RD: r = -.49 (p < .001) for LFB at 3 weeks, r = -.71 (p < .001) for LFB at 8 weeks, r = .51 (p < .001) for MBP at 3 weeks, r = -.21 (p = .22) for MBP at 8 weeks NA - - (statistical design)
27 Kozlowski, P., Raj, D., Liu, J. I. E., Lam, C., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2008). Characterizing white matter damage in rat spinal cord with quantitative histology and histology. Journal of Neurotrauma, 25, 653–676. Kozlowski2008 Rat SCI and Controls Spinal cord NA Fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, and CST manual Relaxometry MWF 7 0.078 x 0.078 x 1 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 20 µm LFB, MBP - + staining intensity (MBP), inverse staining intensity (LFB) ROI to ROI No coregistration 6 at 3 weeks post injury, 4 at 8 weeks post injury, 6 controls (controls not used in correlation) 6 and 4 depending on the analysis 3 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson MWF: r = .64 (p < .001) for LFB at 3 weeks, r = .88 (p < .001) for LFB at 8 weeks, r= -.28 (p = .07) for MBP at 3 weeks, r = .15 (p = .40) for MBP at 8 weeks NA - - (statistical design)
28 Kozlowski, P., Rosicka, P., Liu, J., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2014). In vivo longitudinal myelin water imaging in rat spinal cord following dorsal column transection injury. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32(3), 250–258. Kozlowski2014 Rats SCI Spinal cord NA Dorsal column manual DWI FA 7 1 x 1 x 1 mm (only ex vivo) in vivo (relaxometry) and fixed (DWI) body temperature / not reported cryosectioning 20 µm MBP, Eriochrome–cyanine - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 8 16 1 Between-subject Pearson not reported NA - - (no result)
28 Kozlowski, P., Rosicka, P., Liu, J., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2014). In vivo longitudinal myelin water imaging in rat spinal cord following dorsal column transection injury. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 32(3), 250–258. Kozlowski2014 Rats SCI Spinal cord NA Dorsal column manual Relaxometry MWF 7 0.117 x 0.117 x 1 mm (ex vivo) 1 x 1 x 1.5 mm (in vivo) in vivo (relaxometry) and fixed (DWI) body temperature / not reported cryosectioning 20 µm MBP, Eriochrome–cyanine - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 8 16 1 Between-subject Pearson MWF: r = .63, p = .0047 (EC, in vivo), r = .74, p = .0001 (EC, ex vivo), r = .64, p = .05 (MBP, in vivo), r = .63, p = .038 (MBP, ex vivo) NA - BS Pearson
29 Laule, C., Kozlowski, P., Leung, E., Li, D. K. B., MacKay, A. L., & Moore, G. R. W. (2008). Myelin water imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7T: Correlations with histopathology. NeuroImage, 40, 1575–1580. Laule2008 Human MS 1 cm brain sections not reported WM, GM and lesions manual Relaxometry MWF 7 0.234 x 0.234 x 1 mm fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - staining intensity ROI to ROI Landmark-based linear registration 3 MS patients, 10 samples 3 22-30 per sample Within-subject Not reported (likely linear regression) MWF: R2 between .56 and .95 (mean: .78), all p < .0001; R2 between 0 and .79 (mean R2 = .43, p < .0001) just in WM ROIs NA - - (N = 3)
30 Laule, C., Leung, E., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, A. L., Paty, D. W., Mackay, A. L., & Moore, G. R. W. (2006). Myelin water imaging in multiple sclerosis: quantitative correlations with histopathology. Multiple Sclerosis, 12, 747–753. Laule2006 Human MS 1 cm brain sections not reported WM, GM and lesions manual Relaxometry MWF 1.5 in plane resolution not reported, 3mm thick slices fixed 20°C paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - staining intensity ROI to ROI Landmark-based linear registration 13 13 23-45 per slice Within-subject Not reported (likely linear regression) MWF: R2 between .45 and .92 (mean .67), all p < .0001; mean R2 = .29 (p < .0001) just in WM ROIs NA - WS Pearson
31 Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Leung, E., Li, D. K. B., Kozlowski, P., Traboulsee, A. L., … Moore, G. R. W. (2011). Pathological basis of diffusely abnormal white matter: insights from magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 17(2), 144–150. Laule2011 Human MS 1 cm brain sections not reported DAWM and NAWM manual Relaxometry MWF 1.5 and 7 0.586 x 0.586 x 3 mm (1.5T), 0.234 x 0.234 x 1mm (7T) fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB, MBP - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI Landmark-based linear registration 9 MS patients, 23 samples 9 Not reported Within-subject Not reported (likely linear regression) MWF and LFB: R2 between .48 and .95 (mean: .74); MWF and MBP: R2 between .15 and .47 (mean: .31) NA - WS Pearson
32 Lehto, L. J., Albors, A. A., Sierra, A., Tolppanen, L., Eberly, L. E., Mangia, S., … Gröhn, O. (2017). Lysophosphatidyl choline induced demyelination in rat probed by relaxation along a fictitious field in high rank rotating frame. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 1–14. Lehto2017 Rat Controls Whole brain NA Contralateral and ipsilateral CC and DTT manual Relaxometry RAFF4 7 0.125 x 0.125 x 0.5 mm in vivo body temperature cryosectioning 30 µm Gold chloride - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 21 21 12 and 2 depending on the analysis Mixed (not modelled) Pearson RAFF4: r = -.742, p < .0001 (CC), r = -.745, p = .001 (DTT) NA - - (statistical design)
32 Lehto, L. J., Albors, A. A., Sierra, A., Tolppanen, L., Eberly, L. E., Mangia, S., … Gröhn, O. (2017). Lysophosphatidyl choline induced demyelination in rat probed by relaxation along a fictitious field in high rank rotating frame. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 1–14. Lehto2017 Rat Controls Whole brain NA Contralateral and ipsilateral CC and DTT manual MT T1sat, MTR 7 0.125 x 0.125 x 0.5 mm in vivo body temperature cryosectioning 30 µm Gold chloride - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 21 21 13 and 2 depending on the analysis Mixed (not modelled) Pearson MTR: r = .741, p < .001 (CC), r = .719, p = .001 (DTT); T1sat: r = -.741, p < .001 (CC), r = -.705, p = .001 (DTT) NA - - (statistical design)
32 Lehto, L. J., Albors, A. A., Sierra, A., Tolppanen, L., Eberly, L. E., Mangia, S., … Gröhn, O. (2017). Lysophosphatidyl choline induced demyelination in rat probed by relaxation along a fictitious field in high rank rotating frame. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 1–14. Lehto2017 Rat Controls Whole brain NA Contralateral and ipsilateral CC and DTT manual DWI AD, FA, MD, RD 7 0.125 x 0.125 x 0.5 mm in vivo body temperature cryosectioning 30 µm Gold chloride - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 21 21 14 and 2 depending on the analysis Mixed (not modelled) Pearson AD: r = .714, p < .001 (CC), r = .279, p = .223 (DTT); FA: r = .662, p < .001 (C), r = .438, p = .053 (DTT); MD: r = .708, p < .001 (CC), r = .112, p = .610 (DTT); RD: r = .257, p = .048 (CC), r = -.079, p = .739 (DTT) NA - - (statistical design)
33 Lodygensky, G. A., Marques, J. P., Maddage, R., Perroud, E., Sizonenko, S. V, Hüppi, P. S., & Gruetter, R. (2012). In vivo assessment of myelination by phase imaging at high magnetic field. NeuroImage, 59(3), 1979–1987. Lodygensky2012 Rat Controls Whole brain NA AC, CC manual QSM Susceptibility 9.4 slice thickness of 0.5 mm, in-plane resolution between 0.0625 mm isotropic and 0.105 mm isotropic in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 50 µm Black Gold II + - staining intensity ROI to ROI Not reported 13 (across different ages) 13 2 Between-subject Linear regression; Spearman mentioned but not reported Susceptibility: R2 = .673, p < .0003 (AC); R2 = .76, p < .0001 (CC) Susceptibility = - 0.0107 * myelin - 0.0017 (AC); Susceptbility = - 0.015 * myelin + 0.004 (CC) + BS Pearson
34 Martirosyan, N. L., Turner, G. H., Kaufman, J., Patel, A. A., Belykh, E., Kalani, M. Y. S., … Preul, M. C. (2016). Manganese-enhanced MRI offers correlation with severity of spinal cord injury in experimental models. The Open NeuroImaging Journal, 10, 139–147. Martirosyan2016 Rat SCI Spinal cord (T9) NA Epicenter of injury manual DWI FA 7 0.195 x 0.195 x 10 mm perfusion fixed not reported paraffin embedding 15 µm LFB - - staining intensity, percentage difference between injury epicenter to control animals ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 from different types of SCI, 3 controls 18 1 Between-subject Pearson FA: r = -.94 (p = .0001) NA + BS Pearson
35 Moll, N. M., Rietsch, A. M., Thomas, S., Ransohoff, A. J., Lee, J., Fox, R., … Fisher, E. (2011). Multiple sclerosis normal-appearing white matter: pathology – imaging correlations. Ann Neurol, 70, 764–773. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22522 Moll2011 Human MS Whole brain 5.8±1 hours WM, considering distance from lesion manual DWI AD, FA, MD, RD 1.5 1.9 × 1.9 × 3 mm in situ / fixed body temperature cryosectioning 30 µm MBP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 4 12 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman AD: r = -.41 (p = .004); FA: r = .38 (p = .008); MD: r = -.58 (p < .0001), RD: r = -.52 (p = .0002) NA - - (statistical design)
35 Moll, N. M., Rietsch, A. M., Thomas, S., Ransohoff, A. J., Lee, J., Fox, R., … Fisher, E. (2011). Multiple sclerosis normal-appearing white matter: pathology – imaging correlations. Ann Neurol, 70, 764–773. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22522 Moll2011 Human MS Whole brain 5.8±1 hours WM, considering distance from lesion manual MT MTR 1.5 0.9 × 0.9 × 3 mm in situ / fixed body temperature cryosectioning 30 µm MBP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 4 12 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman MTR: r = 0.63 (p < .0001) NA - - (statistical design)
36 Mollink, J., Hiemstra, M., Miller, K. L., Huszar, I. N., Jenkinson, M., Raaphorst, J., … van Cappellen van Walsum, A. M. (2019). White matter changes in the perforant path area in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 45(6), 570–585. Mollink2019 Human ALS and controls Brain tissue blocks including hippocampus range: 0.5-5 days Perforant path tractography / manual DWI FA, MD, RD, AD 11.7 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.4 mm resolution. fixed not reported paraffin embedding 6 µm PLP - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 14 ALS and 5 Controls 19 1 Between-subject Pearson FA: r = .52, p = .03 NA + BS Pearson
37 Mottershead, J. P., Schmierer, K., Clemence, M., Thornton, J. S., Scaravilli, F., Barker, G. J., … Miller, D. H. (2003). High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study of the spinal cord. J Neurol, 250, 1293–1301. Mottershead2003 Human MS and Controls Spinal cord, 2 cm pieces 72±39.2 MS lesions, diffuse damage, NAMW manual Relaxometry PD, T1, T2 7 Single 1.5 mm slices, in plane resolution between 0.055 and 0.068 mm fresh 29-38°C fixation, paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 MS patients, 1 control 5 108 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman PD: r = -.72 (p < .001); T1: r = -.78 (p < .001); T2: r = -.75 (p < .001) NA - - (statistical design)
37 Mottershead, J. P., Schmierer, K., Clemence, M., Thornton, J. S., Scaravilli, F., Barker, G. J., … Miller, D. H. (2003). High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study of the spinal cord. J Neurol, 250, 1293–1301. Mottershead2003 Human MS and Controls Spinal cord, 2 cm pieces 72±39.2 MS lesions, diffuse damage, NAMW manual DWI ADC, SDI 7 Single 1.5 mm slices, in plane resolution between 0.055 and 0.068 mm fresh 29-38°C fixation, paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 MS patients, 1 control 5 108 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman ADC: r = -.45 (p = .001); SDI: r = .51 (p < .001) NA - - (statistical design)
37 Mottershead, J. P., Schmierer, K., Clemence, M., Thornton, J. S., Scaravilli, F., Barker, G. J., … Miller, D. H. (2003). High field MRI correlates of myelin content and axonal density in multiple sclerosis: A post-mortem study of the spinal cord. J Neurol, 250, 1293–1301. Mottershead2003 Human MS and Controls Spinal cord, 2 cm pieces 72±39.2 MS lesions, diffuse damage, NAMW manual MT MTR 7 Single 1.5 mm slices, in plane resolution between 0.055 and 0.068 mm fresh 29-38°C fixation, paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 4 MS patients, 1 control 5 108 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman MTR: r = -.29 (p = .075) NA - - (statistical design)
38 Oakden, W., Kwiecien, J. M., Reilly, M. A. O., Dabrowski, W., Whyne, C., Finkelstein, J., … Stanisz, G. J. (2015). Quantitative MRI in a non-surgical model of cervical spinal cord injury. NMR in Biomedicine, 28, 925–936. Oakden2015 Rat SCI Caudal end of the C2 vertebra NA WM manual DWI AD, RD 1.5 0.2 × 0.2 x 1 mm in vivo / fixed body temperature paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - visual classification of severity of pathology ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 8 for acute group, 8 for chronic group 16 Variable and only specified for significant correlations Mixed (not modelled) Pearson AD: r = .39; RD: r = .57 NA - - (statistical design)
38 Oakden, W., Kwiecien, J. M., Reilly, M. A. O., Dabrowski, W., Whyne, C., Finkelstein, J., … Stanisz, G. J. (2015). Quantitative MRI in a non-surgical model of cervical spinal cord injury. NMR in Biomedicine, 28, 925–936. Oakden2015 Rat SCI Caudal end of the C2 vertebra NA WM manual Relaxometry MWF 1.5 0.2 × 0.2 x 1 mm in vivo / fixed body temperature paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB - - visual classification of severity of pathology ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 8 for acute group, 8 for chronic group 16 Variable and only specified for significant correlations Mixed (not modelled) Pearson MWF: r = -.06 NA - - (statistical design)
39 Odrobina, E. E., Lam, T. Y. J., Pun, T., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2005). MR properties of excised neural tissue following experimentally induced demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, 18(5), 277–284. Odrobina2005 Rat Tellerium diet and Controls Sciatic nerves NA Distal and proximal portion of nerve not reported Relaxometry MWF, T1, T2 1.5 not reported fixed room temperature (20°C) epon-araldite embedding 1 µm Toluidine blue - - staining fraction unclear (likely ROI to ROI) No coregistration Not reported Not reported Not reported (likely 2) Unclear (likely mixed, not modelled) Not reported MWF: r = .71 ± .16 (p < .001); T1: r = -.88 ± 12 (p < .0001); T2: r = -.91 ± .08 (p < .0001) NA - - (statistical design)
39 Odrobina, E. E., Lam, T. Y. J., Pun, T., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2005). MR properties of excised neural tissue following experimentally induced demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, 18(5), 277–284. Odrobina2005 Rat Tellerium diet and Controls Sciatic nerves NA Distal and proximal portion of nerve not reported MT MTR, MP(‘M0b’) 1.5 not reported fixed room temperature (20°C) epon-araldite embedding 1 µm Toluidine blue - - staining fraction unclear (likely ROI to ROI) No coregistration Not reported Not reported Not reported (likely 2) Unclear (likely mixed, not modelled) Not reported MTR: r = .56 ± .22 (p < .0005); MP: r = .77 ± .15 (p < .0001) NA - - (statistical design)
40 Peters, J. M., Struyven, R. R., Prohl, A. K., Vasung, L., Stajduhar, A., Taquet, M., … Warfield, S. K. (2019). White matter mean diffusivity correlates with myelination in tuberous sclerosis complex. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 6(7), 1178–1190. Peters2019 Human Tuberculosis Whole brain NA Surgically removed tissue blocks NA DWI FA, MD 3 1.72 x 1.72 x 2.2 mm in vivo body temperature fixation and sectioning 13 µm LFB - - staining intensity voxel-wise 3D registration 3 3 (1 reported) not reported Within-subject Spearman FA: r = .10 (CT), r = .09 (Tuber), r = .45 (Perituber), r = .19 (WM), r = .70 (All); MD: r = .04 (CT), r = .07 (Tuber), r = -.63 (Perituber), r = -.60 (WM), r = -.85 (All) NA - - (N = 1)
41 Pol, S., Sveinsson, M., Sudyn, M., Babek, N., Siebert, D., Bertolino, N., … Zivadinov, R. (2019). Teriflunomide’s effect on glia in experimental demyelinating disease: A neuroimaging and histologic study. Journal of Neuroimaging, 29(1), 52–61. Pol2019 Mouse Teliflunomide and Controls Whole brain NA CC (caudal medial, rostral lateral, rostral medial) manual DWI FA, MD 9.4 0.078 × 0.078 × 0.250 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation and cryosectioning 16 µm Solochrome - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 13 Teliflunomide, 12 controls 25 3 Between-subject Pearson FA: r = -.240, p = .675 (caudal medial, controls), r = -.130, p = .802 (rostral lateral, controls), r = -.147, p = .785 (rostral medial, controls), r = -.122, p = .825 (caudal medial, Teliflunomide), r = -.265, p = .643 (rostral lateral, Teliflunomide), r = .017, p = .981 (rostral medial, Teliflunomide); MD: r = .592, p = .202 (caudal medial, controls), r = .377, p = . 438 (rostral lateral, controls), r = .221, p = .675 (rostral medial, controls), r = -.083, p = .896 (caudal medial, Teliflunomide), r = -.237, p = . 667 (rostral lateral, Teliflunomide), r = .069, p = .903 (rostral medial, Teliflunomide); NA + BS Pearson
41 Pol, S., Sveinsson, M., Sudyn, M., Babek, N., Siebert, D., Bertolino, N., … Zivadinov, R. (2019). Teriflunomide’s effect on glia in experimental demyelinating disease: A neuroimaging and histologic study. Journal of Neuroimaging, 29(1), 52–61. Pol2019 Mouse Teliflunomide and Controls Whole brain NA CC (caudal medial, rostral lateral, rostral medial) manual QSM Susceptibility 9.4 not reported in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation and cryosectioning 16 µm Solochrome - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 13 Teliflunomide, 12 controls 25 3 Between-subject Pearson Susceptibility: r = -.190, p = .723 (caudal medial, controls), r = -.214, p = .675 (rostral lateral, controls), r = .005, p = .987 (rostral medial, controls), r = .601, p = .141 (caudal medial, Teliflunomide), r = .243, p = .658 (rostral lateral, Teliflunomide), r = .211, p = .695 (rostral medial, Teliflunomide) NA + BS Pearson
42 Praet, J., Manyakov, N. V, Muchene, L., Mai, Z., Terzopoulos, V., Backer, S. De, … Verhoye, M. (2018). Diffusion kurtosis imaging allows the early detection and longitudinal follow-up of amyloid- β -induced pathology. Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy, 10(1). Praet2018 Mouse APP/PS1 and controls Whole brain NA Motor cortex manual on study based atlas DWI AD, AK, DT, DK, FA, MD, MK, RD, RK 7 0.000214 x 0.000214 x 0.2 mm in vivo body temperature (37-37.3°C) fixation, paraffin embedding 5 µm MBP - - staining intensity ROI to ROI and voxelwise 3D stacking of histology, non-linear registration 48 Alzheimer’s model, 32 wild type 80 1 Between-subject Pearson (Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons); Bayesian multivariate linear regression AD: r = -.479, p = .0362; AK: r = .376 (p = .4851); FA: r = -.560 (p = .0025); MD: r = -.175, p = 1; MK: r = .504 (p = .0173); RD: r = .272, p = 1; RK: r = .518 (p = .0110); Voxelwise statistics: DT: r = .5545, DK: r = .4509, DT/DK: .6374 Not reported + BS Pearson
43 Pun, T. W. C., Odrobina, E., Xu, Q. G., Lam, T. Y. J., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2005). Histological and magnetic resonance analysis of sciatic nerves in the tellurium model of neuropathy. Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, 10(1), 38–46. Pun2005 Rat Tellerium and Controls 2 cm pieces of sciatic nerves NA Nerves unclear Relaxometry T1, MWF 1.5 not reported fresh 20 °C fixation, ultrasectioning 1 µm Toluidine blue - + staining fraction unclear Unclear 62 Tellerium, 34 controls 96 1 Between-subject not reported MWF: r = .77, T1: r = .88 NA - - (statistical measure)
44 Reeves, C., Tachrount, M., Thomas, D., Michalak, Z., Liu, J., Ellis, M., … Thom, M. (2015). Combined ex vivo 9.4T MRI and quantitative histopathological study in normal and pathological neocortical resections in focal epilepsy. Brain Pathology, 26, 319–333. Reeves2015 Human Epilepsy and Control 5 mm thick piece of cortex and underlying WM 0 (samples obtained during surgery) Normal and pathological GM and WM manual Relaxometry T1, T2, T2* 9.4 0.136 x 0.136 x 0.5 mm fixed not reported not reported 7 µm MBP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 12 epilepsy, 1 control 13 3-4 (43 in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman; linear regression T1: R2 = .270 (p < .005); T2: R2 = .235 (p < .005); T2*: p < .05 Not reported - - (statistical design)
44 Reeves, C., Tachrount, M., Thomas, D., Michalak, Z., Liu, J., Ellis, M., … Thom, M. (2015). Combined ex vivo 9.4T MRI and quantitative histopathological study in normal and pathological neocortical resections in focal epilepsy. Brain Pathology, 26, 319–333. Reeves2015 Human Epilepsy and Control 5 mm thick piece of cortex and underlying WM 0 (samples obtained during surgery) Normal and pathological GM and WM manual MT MTR 9.4 0.136 x 0.136 x 0.500 mm fixed not reported not reported 7 µm MBP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 12 epilepsy, 1 control 13 3-4 (43 in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Spearman; linear regression MTR: p < .005 Not reported - - (statistical design)
45 Righart, R., Biberacher, V., Jonkman, L. E., Klaver, R., Schmidt, P., Buck, D., … Zimmer, C. (2017). Cortical pathology in multiple sclerosis detected by the T1/T2-weighted ratio from routine magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol, 82, 519–529. Righart2017 Human MS Whole brain ≤ 7 hours Left inferior frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus atlas (Freesurfer aparc) Other T1w/T2w 1.5 1 x 1 x 1.5 mm in situ not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm PLP - + staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 9 9 5 per patient; 36 in total across subjects Mixed (not modelled) Generalized estimating equations NA Not reported - - (statistical design)
46 Schmierer, K., Parkes, H. G., So, P., An, S. F., Brandner, S., Ordidge, R. J., … Miller, D. H. (2010). High field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of cortical grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 133, 858–867. Schmierer2010 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 42±32 hours Cortical GM lesions and nonlesional CT manual Relaxometry T1 9.4 0.117 x 0.156 x 1 mm fixed not reported paraffin embedding 5 µm MBP - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 21 2 2 Mixed (not modelled) Linear regression T1: not reported Not reported - - (statistical design)
46 Schmierer, K., Parkes, H. G., So, P., An, S. F., Brandner, S., Ordidge, R. J., … Miller, D. H. (2010). High field (9.4 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of cortical grey matter lesions in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 133, 858–867. Schmierer2010 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 42±32 hours Cortical GM lesions and nonlesional CT manual MT MTR 9.4 not reported fixed not reported paraffin embedding 5 µm MBP - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 21 2 2 Mixed (not modelled) Linear regression MTR: r = .52, p = .02 Not reported - - (statistical design)
47 Schmierer, K., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., & Miller, D. H. (2004). Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain. Ann Neurol, 56, 407–415. Schmierer2004 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 14.2±8.5 hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual Relaxometry T1 1.5 0.938 x 0.938 x 5 mm fresh mean 25.0°C (SD: 2.9°C) paraffin embedding not reported LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 19 20 68 (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson T1: r = .70, p < .001 NA + WS Pearson
47 Schmierer, K., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., & Miller, D. H. (2004). Magnetization transfer ratio and myelin in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain. Ann Neurol, 56, 407–415. Schmierer2004 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 14.2±8.5 hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual MT MTR 1.5 0.938 x 0.938 x 5 mm fresh mean 25.0°C (SD: 2.9°C) paraffin embedding not reported LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 20 20 72 (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson MTR: r = -.84, p < .001 NA + WS Pearson
48 Schmierer, K., Tozer, D. J., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (2007). Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 51, 41–51. Schmierer2007a Human MS Coronal brain slices 15±8 (range: 4.5-43) hours, scanning: 43±22 (range 10-107) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual Relaxometry T1 1.5 0.938 x 0.938 x 5 mm fresh room temperature fixation, paraffin embedding not reported LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 35 35 129 (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson T1: r = .69, p < .001 NA + WS Pearson
48 Schmierer, K., Tozer, D. J., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., Tofts, P. S., & Miller, D. H. (2007). Quantitative magnetization transfer imaging in postmortem multiple sclerosis brain. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 51, 41–51. Schmierer2007a Human MS Coronal brain slices 15±8 (range: 4.5-43) hours, scanning: 43±22 (range 10-107) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual MT MTR, MP(‘fb’) 1.5 0.938 x 0.938 x 5 mm fresh room temperature fixation, paraffin embedding not reported LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 37 for MTR, 20 for MP 20-37 132 for MTR, 78 for MP (in total across subjects) Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson MP: r = -.80, p < .001; MTR: r = -.84, p < .001 NA + WS Pearson
49 Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Boulby, P. A., Scaravilli, F., Altmann, D. R., Barker, G. J., … Miller, D. H. (2007). Diffusion tensor imaging of post mortem multiple sclerosis brain. NeuroImage, 35, 467–477. Schmierer2007b Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 16±6 (range: 7-28) hours, scanning: 46±25 (range 10-107) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual DWI FA, MD 1.5 2.5 x 2.5 x 5 mm fresh 17.5 - 25.1°C fixation, paraffin embedding 9.4±3.6 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 16 16 44-51 depending on the analysis Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson FA: r = -.79, p < .001; MD: r = .68, p < .001 NA - WS Pearson
50 Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Tozer, D. J., Boulby, P. A., Parkes, H. G., Yousry, T. A., … Miller, D. H. (2008). Quantitative magnetic resonance of postmortem multiple sclerosis brain before and after fixation. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 277, 268–277. Schmierer2008 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 17±6 (range: 7-28) hours, unfixed samples: 51±28 (range: 7-108) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual MT MTR, MP(‘fb’) 1.5 0.94 x 0.94 x 5 mm fresh / fixed 22.5°C paraffin embedding 5000 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 15 40-44 (in total across subjects) Mixed (unclear whether modelled) Linear regression MP: r = -.72 (unfixed) and r = -.86 (fixed), all p < .01; MTR: r = -.83 (unfixed) and r = -.68 (fixed) Not reported - - (statistical design)
50 Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Tozer, D. J., Boulby, P. A., Parkes, H. G., Yousry, T. A., … Miller, D. H. (2008). Quantitative magnetic resonance of postmortem multiple sclerosis brain before and after fixation. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 277, 268–277. Schmierer2008 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 17±6 (range: 7-28) hours, unfixed samples: 51±28 (range: 7-108) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual Relaxometry T1, T2 1.5 0.94 x 0.94 x 5 mm fresh / fixed 22.5°C paraffin embedding 5000 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 15 43-66 (total across subjects) Mixed (unclear whether modelled) Linear regression T1: r = .77 (unfixed) and r = .89 (fixed), T2: r = .82 (unfixed) and r = .92 (fixed), all p < .01 Not reported - - (statistical design)
50 Schmierer, K., Wheeler-Kingshott, C. A. M., Tozer, D. J., Boulby, P. A., Parkes, H. G., Yousry, T. A., … Miller, D. H. (2008). Quantitative magnetic resonance of postmortem multiple sclerosis brain before and after fixation. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 277, 268–277. Schmierer2008 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices 17±6 (range: 7-28) hours, unfixed samples: 51±28 (range: 7-108) hours WM-Ls and NAWM manual DWI AD, FA, MD, RD 1.5 0.25 x 0.25 x 5 mm fresh / fixed 22.5°C paraffin embedding 5000 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 15 43-48 (total across subjects) Mixed (unclear whether modelled) Linear regression AD: r = .53 (unfixed) and r =.8 (fixed) ; FA: r = -.78 (unfixed) and r = -.83 (fixed); MD: r = .73 (unfixed) and r = .78 (fixed); RD: r = .74 (unfixed) and .81 (fixed), all p < .01 Not reported - - (statistical design)
51 Schwartz, E. D., Cooper, E. T., Fan, Y., Jawad, A. F., Chin, C., Nissanov, J., & Hackney, D. B. (2005). MRI diffusion coefficients in spinal cord correlate with axon morphometry. Brain Imaging, 16(1), 73–76. Schwartz2005 Rat Controls Whole brain NA Various WM tracts manual DWI AI, iADC, tADC 9.4 0.039 x 0.039 x 0.5 mm perfusion fixed 20°C epon immersion 1 µm Toluidine blue - + staining fraction (MVF, MST) ROI to ROI No coregistration 3 3 6 Mixed (unclear whether modelled) Pearson; linear regression AI: r = -.58, p = .0125 (MVF) , r = 0.19, p = 0.4536 (MST); lADC: r = -.48, p = .0437 (MVF), r = .43, p = .0717 (MST); tADC: r = -.74, p = .0004 (MVF), r = .34, p = .1701 (MST) Not reported - - (statistical design)
52 Seehaus, A., Roebroeck, A., Bastiani, M., & Fonseca, L. (2015). Histological validation of high-resolution DTI in human post mortem tissue. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 9, 1–12. Seehaus2015 Human Control Whole brain 6 hours CT and WM NA DWI FA 9.4 0.34 x 0.34 x 0.34 mm fixed 30 °C cryosectioning 60 µm Gallyas - - staining intensity voxel-wise 3D affine 1 1 voxel-wise (62782) Within-subject Pearson FA: r = .487, MD: r = -.542, RD: r = -.554 NA - - (N = 1)
53 Seewann, A., Vrenken, H., Van der Valk, P., Blezer, E., Knol, D., Castelijns, J., … Geurts, J. (2020). Diffusely abnormal white matter in chronic multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol, 66(5), 601–609. Seewann2009 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices mean: 8.5 hours WM-Ls, DAWM and NAWM manual Relaxometry T1 1.5 1 x 1 x 3 mm fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB, PAS, PLP - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 10 10 42 (in total across subjects) Mixed (modelled, but unclear whether result refers to within or between subject variance) Pearson; Spearman mentioned but not reported T1 and LFB: r = .68, p < .01; T1 and PLP: r = .41, p < .05 NA - - (statistical design)
53 Seewann, A., Vrenken, H., Van der Valk, P., Blezer, E., Knol, D., Castelijns, J., … Geurts, J. (2020). Diffusely abnormal white matter in chronic multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol, 66(5), 601–609. Seewann2009 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices mean: 8.5 hours WM-Ls, DAWM and NAWM manual DWI FA, ADC 1.5 2 x 2 x 8 mm fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB, PAS, PLP - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 10 10 42 (in total across subjects) Mixed (modelled, but unclear whether result refers to within or between subject variance) Pearson; Spearman mentioned but not reported ADC and LFB: r = .28; ADC and PLP: r = .16 ; FA and LFB: r = -.63, p < .01; FA and PLP: r = -.35, p < .05 NA - - (statistical design)
53 Seewann, A., Vrenken, H., Van der Valk, P., Blezer, E., Knol, D., Castelijns, J., … Geurts, J. (2020). Diffusely abnormal white matter in chronic multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol, 66(5), 601–609. Seewann2009 Human MS 1 cm coronal brain slices mean: 8.5 hours WM-Ls, DAWM and NAWM manual MT MTR 1.5 1 x 1 x 5 mm fixed not reported paraffin embedding 10 µm LFB, PAS, PLP - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 10 10 42 (in total across subjects) Mixed (modelled, but unclear whether result refers to within or between subject variance) Pearson; Spearman mentioned but not reported MTR and LFB: r = -.63, p < .01; MTR and PLP: r = -.27 NA - - (statistical design)
54 Soni, N., Vegh, V., To, X. V., Mohamed, A. Z., & Borges, K. (2020). Combined diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping discern discrete facets of white matter pathology post-injury in the rodent brain. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 1–16. Soni2020 Mouse TBI and Controls Whole brain NA Middle CC, CC-EC ipsilateral and contralateral to injury AMBMC mouse atlas / Allen mouse atlas QSM Susceptibility 9.4 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.3 mm in vivo body temperature (36.5–37°C) perfusion fixation, paraffin embedding 10 µm MBP - - manual scoring of immunoreactivity ROI to ROI No coregistration 36 TBI, 6 controls; correlation only for TBI group 36 3 Between-subject Spearman susceptibility: R2 = .1, p = .02 (only reported for 1 out of 3 ROIs) NA - BS Spearman
55 Soustelle, L., Antal, M. C., Lamy, J., Rousseau, F., Armspach, J.-P., & Loureiro de Sousa, P. (2019). Correlations of quantitative MRI metrics with myelin basic protein (MBP) staining in a murine model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, e4116. Soustelle2019 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA Medial and lateral CC, CT manual MT MP(‘f’) 7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature (20°C) sectioning 60 µm MBP - - normalized staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 cuprizone‐fed, 8 controls 15 3 (1/animal in each correlation) Between-subject Spearman MP: All: r = .87, p < .05 (medial CC), r = .91, p < .05 (lateral CC); r = .89, p < .05 (CT); Controls only: MP: r = .36 (medial CC); r = .55 (lateral CC); r = .86 (CT); Cuprizone only: r = .64 (medial CC); r = .82 (lateral CC); r = .25 (CT); NA + BS Spearman
55 Soustelle, L., Antal, M. C., Lamy, J., Rousseau, F., Armspach, J.-P., & Loureiro de Sousa, P. (2019). Correlations of quantitative MRI metrics with myelin basic protein (MBP) staining in a murine model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, e4116. Soustelle2019 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA Medial and lateral CC, CT manual DWI RD 7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature (20°C) sectioning 60 µm MBP - - normalized staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 cuprizone‐fed, 8 controls 15 3 (1/animal in each correlation) Between-subject Spearman RD: All: r = -.7, p < .05 (medial CC), r = -.63, p > .05 (lateral CC); r = -.21, p > .05 (CT); Controls only: r = .38 (medial CC), r = .40 (lateral CC), r = .45 (CT); Cuprizone only: r = ‐.07 (medial CC), r = .14 (lateral CC), r = .79 (CT); NA + BS Spearman
55 Soustelle, L., Antal, M. C., Lamy, J., Rousseau, F., Armspach, J.-P., & Loureiro de Sousa, P. (2019). Correlations of quantitative MRI metrics with myelin basic protein (MBP) staining in a murine model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, e4116. Soustelle2019 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA Medial and lateral CC, CT manual Other rSPF 7 0.152 x 0.152 x 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature (20°C) sectioning 60 µm MBP - - normalized staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 cuprizone‐fed, 8 controls 15 3 (1/animal in each correlation) Between-subject Spearman rSPF: r = .86, p < .05 (medial CC), r = .76, p < .05 (lateral CC), r = .52, p > .05 (CT) NA + BS Spearman
55 Soustelle, L., Antal, M. C., Lamy, J., Rousseau, F., Armspach, J.-P., & Loureiro de Sousa, P. (2019). Correlations of quantitative MRI metrics with myelin basic protein (MBP) staining in a murine model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, e4116. Soustelle2019 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA Medial and lateral CC, Cortex manual Relaxometry MWF 7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature (20°C) sectioning 60 µm MBP - - normalized staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 7 cuprizone‐fed, 8 controls 15 3 (1/animal in each correlation) Between-subject Spearman MWF: r = .68, p < .05 (medial CC), r = .69, p < .05 (lateral CC), r = .20, p > .05 (CT) NA + BS Spearman
56 Stüber, C., Morawski, M., Schäfer, A., Labadie, C., Wähnert, M., Leuze, C., … Turner, R. (2014). Myelin and iron concentration in the human brain: A quantitative study of MRI contrast. NeuroImage, 93, 95–106. Stueber2014 Human Controls Brain tissue blocks (pre/postcentral gyrus, posterior occipital lobe and subthalamic nucleus) 36 and 28 hours GM and WM NA Relaxometry R1, R2* 7 R1: 0.1 or 0.2 mm isotropic, R2*: 0.2 mm isotropic fixed not reported cryosectioning 30 µm PIXE + - model-based estimation of myelin volume fraction pixel-wise Landmark-based registration 3 3 pixel-wise Within-subject Pearson; linear regression (univariate and multiple) R1/R2: p < .001; R2: r=0.805 R1: slope: 1.066 ± 0.016, intercept: 1.132 ± 0.009; R2*: slope: 38.59 ± 0.50, intercept: 45.86 ± 0.29, - - (N = 3)
56 Stüber, C., Morawski, M., Schäfer, A., Labadie, C., Wähnert, M., Leuze, C., … Turner, R. (2014). Myelin and iron concentration in the human brain: A quantitative study of MRI contrast. NeuroImage, 93, 95–106. Stueber2014 Human Controls Brain tissue blocks (pre/postcentral gyrus, posterior occipital lobe and subthalamic nucleus) 36 and 28 hours GM and WM NA QSM Susceptibility 7 0.070 mm isotropic fixed not reported cryosectioning 30 µm PIXE + - model-based estimation of myelin volume fraction pixel-wise Landmark-based registration 3 3 pixel-wise Within-subject Pearson; linear regression (univariate and multiple) Susceptability: p < .001 Susceptibility: slope: - 0.069 ± 0.002, intercept: - 0.025 ± 0.001 - - (N = 3)
57 Sundberg, L. M., Herrera, J. J., & Narayana, P. A. (2010). In vivo longitudinal MRI and behavioral studies in experimental spinal cord injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 27, 1753–1767. Sundberg2010 Mouse SCI and Controls Spinal cord NA Area centred on injury manual DWI AD, FA, RD 7 0.2 x 0.2 x 1 mm in vivo 37°C perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 35 µm MAB328 - + staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 injury, 9 control (two groups analysed separately) 15, 9 depending on the analysis 3 Mixed (not modelled) Pearson AD: r = .4825, p = .0216 (lateral), r = .4799, p = .0282 (dorsal); FA: r = -.8235, p = .0382 (dorsal column of caudal zone); NA - - (statistical design)
58 Takagi, T., Nakamura, M., Yamada, M., Hikishima, K., Momoshima, S., Fujiyoshi, K., … Okano, H. (2009). Visualization of peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration: Monitoring with diffusion tensor tractography. NeuroImage, 44(3), 884–892. Takagi2009 Rat Injury Sciatic nerve NA Individual nerves random selection of nerves DWI FA 7 0.31 x 0.31 x 0.94 mm excised not reported fixation and sectioning 80 nm EM - + staining fraction sample to sample NA 10 70 1 Unclear Pearson FA: r = .2387, p = .4796 (myelin sheath density); r = -.6941, p = .0178 (Myelin sheath thickness) NA - - (statistical design)
59 Thiessen, J. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Buist, R., Del, M. R., … Martin, M. (2013). Quantitative MRI and ultrastructural examination of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, 26(11). Thiessen2013 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA CC manual DWI AD, FA, RD 7 0.098 × 0.098 × 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature epon embedding 1 µm EM - + staining fraction (MA, MSF) ROI to ROI No coregistration 5 cuprizone, 5 controls 10 1 Between-subject (both within groups and pooled across groups) and within-group results have n=5 rather than n=10 Spearman AD: r = -.75, p < .001 (MSF); r = -.89, p < .01 (MA); FA: r = .84, p < .01 (MSF), r = .7, p < .001 (MA); MD: r = .81, p < .01 (MSF); r = .81, p < .01 (MA); RD: r = .87, p < .01 (MSF); r = -.77, p < .001 (MA); for correlation separately for each group see paper NA + BS Spearman
59 Thiessen, J. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Buist, R., Del, M. R., … Martin, M. (2013). Quantitative MRI and ultrastructural examination of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, 26(11). Thiessen2013 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA CC manual MT MP(‘f’), MTR 7 0.098 × 0.098 × 0.750 mm perfusion fixed body temperature epon embedding 1 µm EM - + staining fraction (MA, MSF) ROI to ROI No coregistration 5 cuprizone, 5 controls 10 1 Between-subject (both within groups and pooled across groups) and within-group results have n=5 rather than n=10 Spearman; Pearson only for f MP: r = .93; p < .001 (MSF); r = .81, p < .01 (MA); MTR: r = .72, p < .001 (MSF); r = .73, p < .001 (MA); for correlation separately for each group see paper; Pearson: r = 0.98 Myelin = 5.37 * MP - 0.25 + BS Spearman (plus BS Pearson for MP)
59 Thiessen, J. D., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, L., Buist, R., Del, M. R., … Martin, M. (2013). Quantitative MRI and ultrastructural examination of the cuprizone mouse model of demyelination. NMR in Biomedicine, 26(11). Thiessen2013 Mouse Cuprizone and Controls Whole brain NA CC manual Relaxometry T1 7 0.098 × 0.098 × 0.750 mm perfusion fixed room temperature epon embedding 1 µm EM - + staining fraction (MA, MSF) ROI to ROI No coregistration 5 cuprizone, 5 controls 10 1 Between-subject (both within groups and pooled across groups) and within-group results have n=5 rather than n=10 Spearman T1: r = -.66, p < .001 (MSF); r = -.73 (MA); for correlation separately for each group see paper NA + BS Spearman
60 Tu, T. W., Williams, R. A., Lescher, J. D., Jikaria, N., Turtzo, L. C., & Frank, J. A. (2016). Radiological-pathological correlation of diffusion tensor and magnetization transfer imaging in a closed head traumatic brain injury model. Annals of Neurology, 79(6), 907–920. Tu2016 Rat TBI Whole brain NA AC, CC, CT, CP, EC, PT, ST manual DWI AD, FA, MD, RD, MTR at different ppm 7 DWI: 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.2 mm; MT: 0.2 x 0.2 x 0.5 mm; in vivo body temperature cryosections 10 µm MBP - + normalised staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 5 25 7 Unclear (likely mixed, not modelled) Pearson AD: r = -.01; FA: r =.13, MD: r = -.17, RD: r = -.46 (p < .01); MTR-3.5: r = .38 (p < .01), MTR-20: r = .28 NA - - (statistical design)
61 Turati, L., Moscatelli, M., Mastropietro, A., Dowell, N. G., Zucca, I., Erbetta, A., … Minati, L. (2015). In vivo quantitative magnetization transfer imaging correlates with histology during de- and remyelination in cuprizone-treated mice. NMR in Biomedicine, 28, 327–337. Turati2015 Mouse Cuprizone (D+R) and Controls Whole brain NA CC manual MT MP(‘f’) 7 0.1 x 0.1 x 0.6 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 10 µm Black Gold II, MBP - - staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 per mouse strain 15 for each analysis 1 Between-subject (pooled across groups) Spearman MP: in C57BL/6 mice: r = .743, p = .002 (BGII); r = .589, p = .023 (MBP); in SJL/J mice: r = .586, p = .024 (BGII) and r = .536, p = .042 (MBP) NA + BS Spearman
62 Underhill, H. R., Rostomily, R. C., Mikheev, A. M., Yuan, C., & Yarnykh, V. L. (2011). Fast bound pool fraction imaging of the in vivo rat brain: Association with myelin content and validation in the C6 glioma model. NeuroImage, 54(3), 2052–2065. Underhill2011 Rat C6 glioma model and Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual MT MP(‘BPF’), MTR 3 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 mm in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, paraffin embedding 5 µm LFB - + normalized staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 5 and 4 9 1 Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Pearson MP: r = .99 (p < .001), r = .91, p = .03 (just GM), r = .95, p = .0047 (just WM); MTR: r = .96 (p < .001), r = .93, p = .021 (just GM), r = -.21, p = .79 (just WM); for results on four-parameter estimation of MP, see paper MP = 0.21 * myelin + 3.9 + WS Pearson
63 van der Voorn, J., Pouwels, P., Powers, J., Kamphorst, W., Martin, J., Troost, D., … van den Knapp, M. (2011). Correlating quantitative MR imaging with histopathology in X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy. AJNR, 32, 481–489. Vandervoorn2011 Human X-ALD and Controls Coronal brain tissue sections not reported Areas with complete or active demyelination and NAWM manual DWI ADC, FA 1.5 2 x 2 x 8 mm fixed room temperature (20-22°C) paraffin embedding 7 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 15 patients, 5 controls 20 55 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Pearson, linear regression analysis ADC: r = - .637 (p < .01); FA: r = .766 (p < .01) Myelin = -13.7 + 143.9 * FA - - (statistical design)
63 van der Voorn, J., Pouwels, P., Powers, J., Kamphorst, W., Martin, J., Troost, D., … van den Knapp, M. (2011). Correlating quantitative MR imaging with histopathology in X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy. AJNR, 32, 481–489. Vandervoorn2011 Human X-ALD and Controls Coronal brain tissue sections not reported Areas with complete or active demyelination and NAWM manual MT MTR 1.5 not reported (3 mm sections) fixed room temperature (20-22°C) paraffin embedding 7 µm LFB - + inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 15 patients, 5 controls 20 55 (in total across subjects) Mixed (not modelled) Pearson, linear regression analysis MTR: r = .727 (p < .01) Not reported - - (statistical design)
64 van Tilborg, E., Achterberg, E. J. M., van Kammen, C. M., van der Toorn, A., Groenendaal, F., Dijkhuizen, R. M., … Nijboer, C. H. A. (2018). Combined fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia causes myelin deficits and autism-like behavior in a rat model of diffuse white matter injury. Glia, 66(1), 78–93. VanTilborg2018 Rat Fetal inflammation and postnatal hypoxia Whole brain NA Motor cortex (M1, M2), sensory cortex atlas-based DWI FA, RD 9.4 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.148 mm perfusion fixed not reported paraffin embedding 8 µm MBP - - staining fraction unclear Unclear 6 12 3 Between-subject Linear regression FA: R2 = .341, p = .046 (M1 motor), R2 = .334, p = .049 (M2 motor), R2= .428, p = .021 (sensory) not reported + BS Pearson
65 Wang, S., Wu, E. X., Cai, K., & Lau, H. (2009). Mild hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neonatal rat brain: longitudinal evaluation of white matter. AJNR, 30, 1907–1913. Wang2009 Rat MHII Whole brain NA EC (ipsilesional and contralesional) manual DWI AD, FA, RD, “Trace” 7 Varying resolution: 0.250 x 0.250 x 0.5 mm for some scans, 0.313 x 0.313 x 0.7 mm for others in vivo body temperature perfusion fixation, cryosectioning 10 µm LFB - + staining intensity ROI to ROI No coregistration 15 at different ages 15 Unclear (likely 2) Unclear (likely mixed, not modelled) Pearson FA: r = .681, p < .01; RD: r = 0.528, p < .01; AD and Trace showed no significant correlation NA - - (statistical design)
66 Wang, Y., Sun, P., Wang, Q., Trinkaus, K., Schmidt, R. E., Naismith, R. T., … Song, S. (2015). Differentiation and quantification of inflammation, demyelination and axon injury or loss in multiple sclerosis. Brain, 138, 1223–1238. Wang2015 Human MS Section of cervical spinal cord <10 hours Voxels with positive histological staining random selection of voxels DWI DBSI-RD 4.7 0.250 x 0.250 x 0.5 mm fixed 17°C paraffin embedding 5 µm LFB - + staining fraction voxel-wise Landmark-based linear coregistration (rigid body, based on 13 landmarks) 3 3 80 voxels (subset of total voxels selected for analysis) Within-subject Spearman DBSI-RD: r = - .84 (p < .0001), r = -.42 (p = .039), r = -.82 (p < .0001) Available for each subject - see paper - - (N = 3)
67 Warntjes, J., Persson, A., Berge, J., & Zeche, W. (2017). Myelin detection using rapid quantitative MR imaging correlated to macroscopically registered Luxol Fast Blue – stained brain specimens. AJNR, 1096–1102. Warntjes2017 Human Controls 2 cm brain slices (one through caudate nucleus and one through thalamus) 20 hours to 3 days range (during which body was refrigerated) GM and WM NA Relaxometry MWF, R1 3 0.7 x 0.7 x 4 mm in situ mean: 7.8° (SD: 3.1°C) fixation 4 µm LFB - - staining intensity pixel-wise Manual coregistration by rotation, translation, and scaling 12 12 voxel-wise Within-subject (mixed, modelled) Spearman; linear regression R1: r = .63 ± .12; MWF: r =0.74 ± 0.11 R1: slope: 0.065 ± 0.009; intercept: 1.19 ± 0.10 - WS Spearman
68 Webb, S., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2003). Is multicomponent T2 a good measure of myelin content in peripheral nerve? Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 49(4), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10411 Webb2003 Rat Nerve injury and Controls Sciatic nerve NA Sections of individual nerves manual Relaxometry MWF 1.5 unclear fresh 20°C fixation, crosssectioning 1 µm Toluidine blue - + staining fraction ROI to ROI Manual coregistration 6 18 2 Mixed (not modelled) Linear regression MWF: r = .59, p < .001 (all fibres); r = .75, p < .0001 (healthy fibres) MWF: slope = 0.4 ± 0.1 (all fibres), slope = 0.7 ± 0.1 (healthy fibres)   - (statistical design)
69 Wei, P. T., Leong, D., Calabrese, E., White, L., Pierce, T., Platt, S., & Provenzale, J. (2013). Diffusion tensor imaging of neural tissue organization: correlations between radiologic and histologic parameters. The Neuroradiology Journal, 26, 501–510. Wei2013 Dog Controls Whole brain NA ROIs across the brain, including WM and GM manual DWI FA, RD 7 0.1 mm isotropic perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 50000 µm Gold chloride - - inverse staining intensity ROI to ROI 3D stacking of histological images and linear coregistration 1 1 20 Within-subject Pearson; linear regression FA: r = .12, p = .68 (WM), r = .61, p = .32 (GM). RD: r = .55, p = .15 (WM), r = .594, p = .28 (GM) Not reported - - (N = 1)
70 West, K. L., Kelm, N. D., Carson, R. P., Gochberg, D. F., Ess, K. C., & Does, M. D. (2018). Myelin volume fraction imaging with MRI. NeuroImage, 182(2016), 511–521. West2018 Mouse Genetic model for hyper-/hypomyelination Whole brain NA CC, AC, CT manual Relaxometry MWF 15.2 .150 x .150 x .150 mm perfusion fixed not reported ultrasectioning 0.07 µm EM - + staining fraction unclear NA 3 per group, 6 controls 15 unclear (likely 4) Mixed (not modelled) Linear regression MWF: R2 = .66 MWF = .056 * myelin – 0.014 - - (statistical design)
70 West, K. L., Kelm, N. D., Carson, R. P., Gochberg, D. F., Ess, K. C., & Does, M. D. (2018). Myelin volume fraction imaging with MRI. NeuroImage, 182(2016), 511–521. West2018 Mouse Genetic model for hyper-/hypomyelination Whole brain NA CC, AC, CT manual MT MP (‘BPF’) 15.2 .150 x .150 x .150 mm perfusion fixed not reported ultrasectioning 0.07 µm EM - + staining fraction unclear NA 3 per group, 6 controls 15 unclear (likely 4) Mixed (not modelled) Linear regression MWF: R2 = .70 MWF = .056 * myelin– 0.014 - - (statistical design)
71 Yano, R., Hata, J., Abe, Y., Seki, F., Yoshida, K., Komaki, Y., … Tanaka, K. F. (2018). Quantitative temporal changes in DTI values coupled with histological properties in cuprizone-induced demyelination and remyelination. Neurochemistry International, 119, 151–158. Yano2018 Mouse Cuprizone (D+R) and Controls Whole brain NA CC manual DWI FA, MD, RD 7 0.125 × 0.125 × 0.125 mm perfusion fixed not reported cryosectioning 25 µm PLP - - staining fraction ROI to ROI No coregistration 18 cuprizone treated, 3 controls 21 1 Between-subject Pearson FA: r = .87, p = 3.89 x 10E-7; MD: r = -.73, p = 1.54 x 10E-4; RD: r = -.91, p = 1.04 x 10E-8 NA + BS Pearson